中秋節介紹

中秋節文化教學

1. 中秋節的由來與習俗

2. 吳剛筏桂

3.嫦娥奔月: 文建會繪本動畫

4.月亮裡的兔子

中秋的意義

 中秋節是我國傳統佳節,是僅次於春節的第二大傳統節日。根據我國曆法,農曆八月在秋季中間,爲秋季的第二個月,稱爲“仲秋”,而八月十五又在“仲秋”之中,所以稱“中秋”。
中秋節有許多別稱:因節期在八月十五,所以稱“八月節”、“八月半”;因中秋節的主要活動都是圍繞“月”進行的,所以又俗稱“月節”、“月夕”。
[ 月圓人團圓 ] 中國人喜歡以月圓象徵人團圓, 因此, 中秋節也是團圓的日子.當晚全家一同到各地風景名勝, 一邊賞月一邊吃著月餅, 祈求全家平安.

中秋節的傳說故事

嫦娥奔月
中秋節」最有名的傳說故事就是「嫦娥奔月」。傳說中,在遠古時期,天地總共有十個太陽,由於十個太陽的熱度太強,烤焦了各式各樣的農作物,許多人們也因為氣溫太高而被熱死,存活下來的人都過著非常痛苦的日子。當時,有一個非常有名的神射手「后羿」,看到這種情形非常生氣,他決定要拯救世間萬物,便用他的弓箭將太陽一一射下來,只留下一個太陽,讓大地停止被高溫熱「烤」,人民因而獲得重生。百姓們為了感念后羿,於是擁戴他成為一國之君。可是,沒想到后羿一當上國君後,就開始目中無人,作威作福,施行暴政,百姓們從此又陷入了另一場苦難中。而后羿為了要長生不老,永遠當皇帝,所以便派人到崑崙山向王母娘娘求取長生不老藥。后羿的妻子嫦娥知道後,非常同情百姓的處境,她擔心后羿吃長生不老藥後,會繼續肆無忌憚的施行暴政,使得百姓們更加痛苦不堪。於是,她便一個人偷偷將所有的長生不老藥吃下去。沒想到,她的身體卻輕飄飄飛起來了,后羿發現後非常生氣,看著嫦娥一直飛上天,他氣急敗壞拿起弓箭要將嫦娥射下來,但是一切都太遲了。嫦娥就這樣的往月亮飛去,成為月亮裡廣寒宮的仙女了。

從此以後,民間就開始流傳著月亮裡住了一個美麗的姑娘,她的名字就是「嫦娥」,讓遙遠的月空裡增添許多美麗的傳說故事。

The time of this story is around 2170 B.C. The earth once had ten suns circling over it, each took its turn to illuminate to the earth. But one day all ten suns appeared together, scorching the earth with their heat. The earth was saved by a strong and tyrannical archer Hou Yi. He succeeded in shooting down nine of the suns. One day, Hou Yi stole the elixir of life from a goddess. However his beautiful wife Chang Er drank the elixir of life in order to save the people from her husband's tyrannical rule. After drinking it, she found herself floating and flew to the moon. Hou Yi loved his divinely beautiful wife so much, he didn't shoot down the moon. 

玉兔搗藥

相傳有三位神仙變成三個可憐的老人 向狐狸、猴子、兔子求食,狐狸與猴子都有食物可以濟 助,唯有兔子束手無策。後來兔子決定犧牲自己, 於是說:「你們吃我的肉吧!」就躍入烈火中,將自己燒熟,神仙大受感動,於是將兔子送到了廣寒宮,因為渾身潔白如玉,所以稱作“玉兔”. 後來,玉兔就在廣寒宮裡和嫦娥相伴,並搗製長生不老藥。

In this legend, three fairy sages transformed themselves into pitiful old men and begged for something to eat from a fox, a monkey and a rabbit. The fox and the monkey both had food to give to the old men, but the rabbit, empty-handed, offered his own flesh instead, jumping into a blazing fire to cook himself. The sages were so touched by the rabbit's sacrifice that they let him live in the Moon Palace where he became the "Jade Rabbit."  

 

  吳剛伐桂樹

相傳吳剛是一位醉心於仙術,但是又不肯專心學習的樵夫。由於,每天不努力於砍柴的工作,只會做白日夢,玉帝知道後,非常生氣。於是,下令把吳剛帶到月宮裡,並且告訴他只要他砍倒桂樹,就會得到仙術。但是,無論吳剛再怎麼砍,每隔一段時間,桂樹就會癒合。所以,吳剛只好一砍再砍,一直到現在都無法將桂樹砍倒,這就是玉帝給予吳剛做事不腳踏實地的懲罰!

Wu Kang was a shiftless fellow who changed apprenticeships all the time. One day he decided that he wanted to be an immortal. Wu Kang then went to live in the mountains where he importuned an immortal to teach him. First the immortal taught him about the herbs used to cure sickness, but after three days his characteristic restlessness returned and he asked the immortal to teach him something else. So the immortal to teach him chess, but after a short while Wu Kang's enthusiasm again waned. Then Wu Kang was given the books of immortality to study. Of course, Wu Kang became bored within a few days, and asked if they could travel to some new and exciting place. Angered with Wu Kang's impatience, the master banished Wu Kang to the Moon Palace telling him that he must cut down a huge cassia tree before he could return to earth. Though Wu Kang chopped day and night, the magical tree restored itself with each blow, and thus he is up there chopping still.

中秋節的習俗 

吃月餅
月餅象徵團圓中秋節吃月餅的習俗,是由元朝末年流傳下來的  相傳當時中原人不甘受蒙古人的統治,有志之士皆思起義抗元,然欲整合反抗 的力量,卻苦於無從傳遞消息,所以劉伯溫便想一計策,散佈將有瘟疫的流言, 要人們於中秋節買月餅來吃以避禍。
 
大家買了月餅回家後切開一看,裏面藏了紙條寫著「 八月十五夜起義」 ,於是民眾紛紛響應,因而一舉推翻元朝。月餅因而成為中秋節的應景食物

During the Yuan dynasty (A.D.1280-1368) China was ruled by the Mongolian people. Leaders from the preceding Sung dynasty (A.D.960-1280) were unhappy at submitting to foreign rule, and set how to coordinate the rebellion without it being discovered. The leaders of the rebellion, knowing that the Moon Festival was drawing near, ordered the making of special cakes. Backed into each moon cake was a message with the outline of the attack. On the night of the Moon Festival, the rebels successfully attacked and overthrew the government. What followed was the establishment of the Ming dynasty (A.D. 1368-1644). Today, moon cakes are eaten to commemorate this legend.

月餅大致可分平式、蘇式、台式、廣式四種
 
平式就是北平的月餅,作法如同燒餅,外皮香脆可口;蘇式月餅外皮吃起來層次多且薄 , 酥軟白淨、香甜可口,外皮越鬆越白越好;廣式月餅的外皮和西點類似,以內餡考究著名;傳統臺灣月餅又稱月光餅,以蕃薯為材料,口味甜而不膩 鬆軟可口。

月餅也叫「團圓餅」,中秋節吃月餅,有以圓圓的月餅來象徵團圓之意,天上的月亮也是圓的、月餅也是圓的,親人怎可不團圓共賀佳節呢?所以在外地謀生的人,總要趕回家過中秋節,吃團圓餅;如果有人未歸,也要把他的一份月餅留著,等他回來過年時吃。

吃柚子

柚子是臺灣中秋的名。俗信以為吃柚子可以使眼睛明亮;女孩用柚皮擦臉,可以使皮膚細潤。而柚子的「」和庇佑的「」同音,更使人喜歡它,大家都希望用它來祭拜,可以得到神明的庇佑

除了月餅之外,秋天盛產的螃蟹也是賞月席上不可少的佳餚.

近年來,台灣的中秋節又發展出一種新的活動 — 烤肉。由於國民生活水準的提 高,烤肉已不再是奢侈的享受,再加上秋天氣候涼爽,藉著賞月之便在戶外烤肉, 便成了很受歡迎的中秋活動。

有獎問答

1.      中秋節是什麼時候?

2.      中秋節還可以稱做什麼節?

3.      中國人喜歡以月圓象徵人團圓, 因此中秋節也是什麼日子?

4.      中秋節會吃些什麼應景的食物?

5.      中秋節有哪些傳說故事?

6.      很久以前, 天上出現了幾個太陽? 誰把太陽射下來?

7.      傳說月亮裡住了一個美麗的姑娘,她叫什麼名字?

8.      嫦娥吃了什麼藥, 飛到了天上?

9.      吳剛做事情的態度怎樣?

10.  吳剛做是不腳踏實地, 不專心學習, 神仙如何處罰他?

11.  玉兔燃燒自己救助窮困老人, 請問當你遇到窮困的人時,

會如何幫助他們?

12.  說說有關中秋節或月亮的詩詞.

 

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