國外心理學家,將幼兒的語言發展分作幾個階段,在幼兒一歲以前,牙牙學語的階段,稱為「前語言期」,意指這個時期,幼兒為語言發展準備的包含「發音前的練習」和「對語言的了解」。嬰兒在出生後,最早的發音是哭聲,他們利用哭聲來表達需求,如:飢餓、身體不適等。
幼兒在五個月大後,就進入牙牙學語的階段,實際上這個時期,語言對他們而言是沒有意義的,直到九個月左右,幼兒才開始對成人的話語有所反應,如成人教導他聽到「bye bye(再見)」時要做揮手動作,之後他聽到「bye bye」一詞時,就會自然而然地做出揮手動作,事實上,幼兒在一歲以後,才能漸漸理解詞的意義。
語言能刺激幼兒的發音器官及大腦的發育,但仍要靠後天的模仿和學習,所以在幼兒牙牙學語後,如可以得到適當的增強,往後於語言發展上會較有利。
圖取自網路
參考書目:兒童發展與輔導
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