注音符號中有「聲」、「韻」、「調」三個部分,標註「聲」的符號叫做「聲符」,標註「韻」的符號叫做「韻符」,聲符加上韻符,配合高低長短的「聲調」,構成了文字的字音。 原本聲符有二十四個,但其中 (万)(兀)(广) 三個是退化音,所以目前使用的聲符只有二十一個。
韻符原有十七個,其中(ㄭ)是空韻,它只用於解釋,常省略不寫,現今使用的韻符只有十六個;韻符中的ㄧ、ㄨ、ㄩ是單韻符,也是介符(或稱介音)。
利用ㄧ、ㄨ、ㄩ和其他韻符相拼,稱為「結合韻符」;結合韻符可分為三類,有 齊齒呼(與ㄧ相拼)、合口呼 (與ㄨ相拼)和撮口呼(與ㄩ相拼),共有二十二個。
聲符 | 韻符 | 結合韻符 |
ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋㄌㄍㄎㄏㄐㄑㄒㄓㄔㄕㄖㄗㄘㄙ(万兀广是聲符中的退化音) | ㄚㄛㄜㄝㄞㄟㄠㄡㄢㄣㄤㄥㄦㄧㄨㄩ(ㄭ是韻符,但為空韻) | ㄧㄢ、ㄧㄣ、ㄧㄥ、ㄧㄚ、ㄧㄛ、ㄧㄞ、ㄧㄤ、ㄧㄝ、 ㄧㄠ、ㄧㄡ、ㄨㄢ、ㄨㄣ、ㄨㄥ、ㄨㄚ、ㄨㄛ、ㄨㄞ、ㄨㄤ、ㄨㄟ、ㄩㄢ、ㄩㄣ、ㄩㄥ、ㄩㄝ |
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參考書目:高中國文-語音學
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