中文量詞
Mandarin Chinese Measure Words
來源: http://digchinese.com/measure-words
Mandarin Chinese Count/Measure Words
A measure word (liàngcí 量词 量詞), also known as a classifier or a
count word, is used along with numerals to define the quantity of a
given object or objects, or with “this”/”that” to identify specific
objects.
Usage depends on personal preference and dialects. For example, some
people use 三部车 (三部車) and others use 三台车 (三台車) to mean three cars. Still
others use 三辆车 (三輛車) or in Cantonese 三架车 (三架車), with all of these
measure words serving the same purpose.
List of Idiomatic Count/Measure Words
| Chinese | Pinyin | Main uses | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| 把 | bǎ (ba) | “handful” — objects that can be held, relatively long and flat objects | knife 刀, scissors, sword, key 钥匙, umbrella 伞, fan 扇子, spoon 勺子, fork, toothbrush, hammer, padlock, pair of scissors, pistol, rifle, chair 椅子, handful of rice 一把米, handful of sand 一把沙, bunch of flowers, handful of seeds, bunch of chopsticks, skeleton, fire, teapot 茶壶 |
| 班 | bān (ban) | scheduled services (trains, etc.), group of people, a class as in pupils | |
| 包 | bāo (bao) | packet, package, bundle | sweets, cigarettes 烟, sugar 糖, cookies |
| 杯 | bēi (bei) | “cup”, “glass” — drinks/beverages | tea 茶, wine, alcohol 酒, water 水, milk 牛奶, fruit juice 果汁, soda 汽水, Coca -cola 可口可乐 |
| 本 | běn (ben) | “volume” — bound print matter | book 书, magazine 杂志, novel 小说, scripture 经文, dictionary 字典, notepad 笔记本, textbook 课本 |
| 笔 (筆) | bǐ (bi) | strokes of characters; large quantities of money | 12 strokes 十二笔; a large quantity of money 一笔钱; a deal 一笔交易 |
| 部 | bù (bu) | machinery, vehicles; productions | mobile phone, telephone, car 轿车, play 话剧, novel 小说, movie/film/motion picture 电影, opera 歌剧, literary work 著作 |
| 册 | cè (ce) | volumes of books | |
| 层 (層) | céng (ceng) | “floor”/”story”; “layer” | 9 stories (in a building) 九层楼; layer of dust 一层灰, seven layer cake 七层蛋糕, coat of paint 一层油漆 |
| 场 (場) | chǎng (chang) | short duration event; precipitation | public spectacle, game, crisis, war, catastrophe, an illness 一场病, performance, play 戏; a rainfall/rain shower 一场雨, snowfall |
| 串 | chuàn (chuan) | sets of numbers | a cell phone/mobile number 一串手机号码 |
| 床 | chuáng (chuang) | “bed” | blankets, sheets |
| 次 | cì (ci) | “time” — opportunities, accidents | |
| 出 (齣) | chū (chu) | acts in a play | |
| 打 | dá (da) | dozen | pencils 铅笔, eggs 鸡蛋 |
| 袋 | dài (dai) | sackfuls, pouchfuls, bagfuls, pocketfuls | sugar, flour 面粉, rice 大米 |
| 道 | dào (dao) | linear projections (light rays, etc.); order given by an authority figure, question, memo; course (of food); long crooked things (mountain ridge, flash of lightning) |
|
| 滴 | dī (di) | “droplet” water, blood, other such fluids | |
| 点 (點) | diǎn (dian) | ideas, suggestions; “a bit”/”some” (only with 一) | a bit of work 一点点工作 |
| 碟 | dié (die) | saucer (soy sauce) | |
| 顶 (頂) | dǐng (ding) | objects with protruding top, something to put over one’s head | hat 帽子, tent, mosquito net 蚊帐 |
| 栋 (棟) | dòng (dong) | literally “pillar” (smaller building, house) | |
| 堵 | dǔ (du) | encompassing fixtures (wall without roof) | |
| 段 | duàn (duan) | “adjoining length” — cables, roadways, piece of chalk, part of a song | |
| 对 (對) | duì (dui) | “couple”, “matched pair” (for certain things) couplets | a (married) couple 夫妇, earrings, vases 花瓶 |
| 顿 (頓) | dùn (dun) | short duration actions | a meal 一顿饭, conflict, beating, quarrel, scolding |
| 朵 | duǒ (duo) | flower-like things | a flower 一朵花, a cloud 一朵云彩, a mushroom 一朵木耳 |
| 发 | fã (fa) | “round” | bullet, ammunition |
| 方 | fàng (fang) | square things | ink stone, bacon |
| 份 | fèn (fen) | portions, multi-page documents | serving of food, a newspaper 一份报, a job 一份工作 |
| 封 | fēng (feng) | things that can be sealed | letter 信, mail, telegram 电报 |
| 峰 | fēng | humped animals | camel |
| 幅 | fú (fu) | picture-like objects | photo, painting 画, drawing, banner 标语, work of art, picture, door poster 对联 |
| 服 | fù (fu) | “dose” — (Chinese) medicine | |
| 副 | fù (fu) | objects which come in pairs (gloves, etc.) also for spectacles, a pack of cards, mahjong | |
| 个 (個) | ge/gè (ge) | individual things, people — general, catch-all measure word (usage of this classifier in conjunction with any noun is generally accepted if the person does not know the proper classifier) |
person 人, elder brother 哥哥, student 学生, relative 亲戚, way of thinking 想法, suggestion 建议, question 问题, nation 国家 |
| 根 | gēn (gen) | thin, slender objects; thin, flexible strands | needle, pillar, banana, fried dough stick, fried chicken leg, popsicle, lollipop, chopstick, candle, incense; hair 头发, thread 线, string 绳 |
| 股 | gǔ (gu) | flows (of air, smell, influence)…. | |
| 挂 | guà (gua) | multi-component things | horse and cart |
| 罐 | guàn (guan) | Small to medium “can of” | soda 汽水, juice, food, beans, oil, candy |
| 行 | háng (hang) | objects which form lines (words, etc.) | |
| 盒 | hé (he) | (small) “box of” | tape, food 食物, cake 蛋糕, candy 糖果, chocolate 巧克力, toys 玩具, books 书, cigarettes 烟, detergent 洗衣粉, clothing 衣服 |
| 户 | hù (hu) | households | thirty households 三十户家人 |
| 伙 | huǒ (huo) | generally derogatory classifier for bands of people such as gangs or hoodlums | |
| 家 | jiā (jia) | gathering of people, establishments | families, companies 公司, store, shop 商店, restaurant 饭馆 |
| 架 | jià (jia) | machinery, vehicle | aircraft, airplane 飞机, piano 钢琴, machines, computers |
| 间 (間) | jiān (jian) | rooms, spaces | room 房间, dorm 宿舍, bedroom 卧室, kitchen 厨房, classroom 教室, house 房子, school 学校, company 公司, chapel 教堂 |
| 件 | jiàn (jian) | matters (affairs), clothing (tops), furniture | clothing (top) 衣服, undershirt 内衣, shirt 衬衫, coat 大衣, bed sheet 床单, luggage 行李, present 礼物, issue/matter/thing 事 |
| 讲 | jiǎng | long class periods | |
| 节 (節) | jié (jie) | “section” (of bamboo, short class period) | |
| 届 (屆) | jiè (jie) | regularly scheduled sessions or meetings, year-groups in a school (e.g. Class of 2006) | |
| 句 | jù (ju) | lines of poems, sentences | saying 成语, idiom |
| 棵 | kē (ke) | trees and other such flora | pine tree 松树, rose 玫瑰 |
| 颗 (顆) | kē (ke) | small objects, objects appearing small | hearts, pearls, teeth, diamonds, seeds, distant stars, distant planets |
| 课 (課) | kè (ke) | lessons in a text | 23 lessons 二十三课课文 |
| 口 | kǒu (kou) | population of villages (numbers less than 100), family members, wells, mouthfuls of food | five people (population of a family) 五口人 |
| 块 (塊) | kuài (kuai) | irregularly shaped “chunk”, “lump”, “piece” | land, stone, tofu, soap, piece/slice of cake 蛋糕, bread (not slices) 面包, watermelon 西瓜, meat 肉, cheese, pizza 比萨, gum 口香糖, tablecloth, wristwatch 表, block of incense |
| 类 (類) | lèi (lei) | objects of the same type or nature | |
| 粒 | lì (li) | “grain” | a (single) peanut 一粒花生, grape, longan, uncooked rice 米, seed 种子, candy 糖果, bullet 子弹, chocolate 巧克力 |
| 辆 (輛) | liàng (liang) | wheeled vehicles (not trains) | automobile, bicycle 自行车/脚踏车, car 汽车 |
| 列 | liè (lie) | trains | |
| 轮 | lún (lun) | moon | |
| 枚 | méi (mei) | medals, small flat things like stamps, banana peels, rings, badges, rockets, missiles | |
| 门 (門) | mén (men) | objects pertaining to academics (courses, majors, subjects, etc.); artillery (cannon) | |
| 面 | miàn (mian) | flat and smooth objects (mirror, flag, wall with roof, shield) | |
| 名 | míng (ming) | high-ranking persons (doctors, lawyers, politicians, royalty, etc.), members; in formal language, can also be used for any type of person (not necessarily high-ranking) |
party member 党员, university professor 大学教师 |
| 排 | pái (pai) | “rows of”, “lines of” — objects grouped in rows | chairs, seats 椅子, tables 桌子, lines of people 人 |
| 盘 (盤) | pán (pan) | flat objects or reels (video or audio cassette, small plate, coil of incense) | |
| 批 | pī (pi) | people, goods, etc. | |
| 匹 | pǐ (pi) | horses and other mounts; rolls/bolts of cloth | horse 马, wolf |
| 篇 | piān (pian) | writings | paper 论文, article 文章, essay, report |
| 片 | piàn (pian) | “slice” — thin, flat, sometimes irregular objects | card, lip 嘴唇, cloud, beach, gum 口香糖, a slice of bread 一片面包, slice of meat, cracker, cheese, slice of watermelon, leaf 叶子, flower petal, field 麦田, lake, a pill (tablet of medicine) 一片药片, DVD |
| 瓶 | píng (ping) | “bottle of” | alcohol 酒, water 水, oil 油, beer 啤酒, drink 饮料, wine, soda 汽水, milk 牛奶, shampoo 洗头水, Pepsi 百事可乐 |
| 期 | qī (qi) | magazines | |
| 群 | qún (qun) | “group” (incl. people), “herd”, “crowd”, “throng”, “swarm”, etc | people 一群人, a herd of cattle/elephants/horses/swans 一群牛、象、马、天鹅, a flock of birds/geese/hens/goats/swallows/sheep/chickens 一群鸟, a pack of hounds/wolves/grouse 一群猎狗, a skulk of foxes 一群狐狸, a pride of lions 一群狮子, a cluster of stars 一群星星, a school/shoal of fish/shrimps 一群鱼, a stud/drove of horses 一群马, a gaggle/flock of geese 一群鹅, a swarm of mosquitoes/butterflies 一群蚊子／蝴蝶, a colony of ants/bees 一群（窝）蚂蚁, a clump/complex of buildings 一群建筑物 |
| 任 | rèn (ren) | terms of office | second president 第二任总统, terms |
| 扇 | shàn (shan) | things that open and close on hinges | window 窗, door 门 |
| 首 | shǒu (shou) | things with verses | musical song 歌, poem 诗歌 |
| 束 | shù (shu) | bunches of | flowers 花 |
| 双 (雙) | shuāng (shuang) | pair of objects which naturally come in pairs | chopsticks 筷子, shoes 鞋, gloves 手套, eyes |
| 艘 | sōu (sou) | ships | a ship 一艘船 |
| 所 | suǒ (suo) | small buildings, institutions | university 大学, detached house 房子 |
| 台 | tái (tai) | heavy objects, especially machines; performances | TV 电视, computer 电脑, piano, appliance, airplane 飞机, train 火车, car 车, elevator 电梯; theater performance, play |
| 堂 | táng (tang) | periods of classes, suites of furniture | I have two classes today, lesson 课, lecture |
| 趟 | tàng (tang) | trips, scheduled transportation services | |
| 套 | tào (tao) | “set(s) of” | books, magazines, collectibles, clothes, multiple-room houses/apartments, suites, stamps 邮票, furniture 家具, rooms 房间, a suit 一套西装 |
| 题 (題) | tí (ti) | classifier for questions | |
| 条 (條) | tiáo (tiao) | long, narrow, flexible objects | fish 鱼, snake 蛇, dragon 龙, worm, dog 狗, scarf, road 路, ribbon, river 河, root, stem 线, rope, comforter, towel, floss, trousers/pants 裤子, necktie 领带, skirt 裙子, sofa/bench, heroic person 一条好汉, a (smaller) boat 一条船 |
| 帖 | tiè (tie) | adhesive bandages | |
| 通 | tõng (tong) | conversation, lecture | |
| 桶 | tǒng (tong) | jug, bucket, barrel | jug of milk 一桶牛奶, barrel of oil 一桶石油 |
| 头 (頭) | tóu (tou) | “a head” — certain animals; hair | pig 猪, cow 牛, oxen, yak, sheep, donkey, mule, leopard, dinosaur; hair |
| 团 (團) | tuán (tuan) | “ball” — rotund and wound objects (balls of yarn, etc.) | |
| 碗 | wǎn (wan) | “bowl of” | rice 饭, noodles 面, soup 汤 |
| 位 | wèi (wei) | polite, respectful classifier for people | teacher 老师, customer 顾客, colleague 同事 |
| 项 (項) | xiàng (xiang) | projects | |
| 些 | xiē (xie) | some (only with 一, 这, 那, 哪) | |
| 样 (樣) | yàng (yang) | general items of differing attributes | |
| 页 (頁) | yè (ye) | page | more than five hundred pages 五百多页 |
| 则 | zé (ze) | journal, day log, diary | |
| 扎 | zhā (zha) | In Cantonese usage, this is used in lieu of shù (束), e.g. a bundle of flowers “jar”, “jug” — drinks such as beer, soda, juice, etc. (A recent loan-word from English, it may be considered informal or slang.) |
|
| 盏 (盞) | zhǎn (zhan) | light fixtures (usually lamps), pot of tea etc. | |
| 站 | zhàn (zhan) | stop (for buses and trains | 六站 |
| 张 (張) | zhāng (zhang) | “sheet” — flat or paper objects | paper 纸, table 桌子, bed 床, card 卡, sofa 沙发, CD/DVD, napkin, snapshot, photograph 照片, ticket 票, painting, constellation, face, mouth, bow 弓 |
| 阵 (陣) | zhèn (zhen) | “gust”, “burst” — events with short durations (lightning storms, gusts of wind, instance of rain); uproar, peal of applause | |
| 支 | zhī (zhi) | fairly long, stick-like objects | pen, pencil 铅笔, chopstick 筷子, drinking straw 吸管, bamboo 竹子, rose, rifle, arrow, spear, artillery shell, missile, more humble songs (ditty) |
| 枝 | zhī (zhi) | alternative form of 支 (“stalk”): can be used for rifles and roses | |
| 只 (隻) | zhī (zhi) | one of a pair; animals | hand 手, finger 手指, eye, foot 脚, head 头, sock, glove, shoe 鞋, earring, eyeglasses; bird, chicken 鸡, cat 猫, tiger, dog 狗, monkey, elephant, sheep, mouse, butterfly, frog, bug 一只虫, fly 苍蝇 |
| 种 (種) | zhǒng (zhong) | “types of”, “kinds of” | things, books, people |
| 株 | zhū (zhu) | smaller trees/plants (tree, rice plant, wheat plant) | |
| 幢 | zhuáng (zhuang) | multi-story building (楼房) | |
| 组 (組) | zǔ (zu) | sets, rows, series, batteries (military) | |
| 座 | zuò (zuo) | mountain, hill 山, structure, large building 大楼, city, bridge, villa, high-rise, tower, temple, apartment block 公寓 |
Actual Units of Measure
Time
| Chinese | Pinyin | Main uses |
|---|---|---|
| 辈 | bèi (bei) | lifetime (辈子) |
| 点 | diǎn (dian) | o’clock |
| 分 | fēn (fen) | minute |
| 刻 | kè (ke) | “quarter”,”15 minutes” (mainly in some dialects, such as Shanghainese, and translations) |
| 秒 | miǎo (miao) | second |
| 年 | nián (nian) | year |
| 日 | rì (ri) | day |
| 时辰 (時辰) | shíchén (shichen) | “2 hours” (ancient) |
| 世纪 (世紀) | shìjì (shiji) | century |
| 岁 (歲) | suì (sui) | years old |
| 天 | tiān (tian) | day (十天时间) |
| 小时 (小時) | xiǎoshí (xiaoshi) | hour |
| 载 (載) | zǎi (zai) | year |
| 钟 (鐘) | zhōng (zhong) | hour (found in southern Chinese) |
Weight, Mass
| Chinese | Pinyin | Main uses |
|---|---|---|
| 磅 | bàng (bang) | pound |
| 吨 (噸) | dūn (dun) | ton |
| 公斤 | gōngjīn (gongjin) | kilogram |
| 斤 | jīn (jin) | “catty”, “pound”, 1/2 kilogram ( 1/2 kilo of apples 一斤苹果) |
| 克 | kè (ke) | gram |
| 两 (兩) | liǎng (liang) | 50 grams |
| 千克 | qiānkè (qianke) | kilogram |
Lengths, Distances
| Chinese | Pinyin | Main uses |
|---|---|---|
| 尺 | chǐ (chi) | Chinese “foot” |
| 呎 | chǐ (chi) | British foot |
| 吋 | cùn (cun) | British inch |
| 寸 | cùn (cun) | Chinese “inch” |
| 公尺 | gōngchǐ (gongchi) | “meter” |
| 公分 | gōngfēn (gongfen) | centimeter (less common) |
| 公里 | gōnglǐ (gongli) | “kilometer” |
| 光年 | guāngnián (guangnian) | “light year” |
| 哩 | lǐ (li) | British mile |
| 里 | lǐ (li) | “lǐ”, about 1/3 mile |
| 厘米 | límǐ (limi) | centimeter |
| 米 | mǐ (mi) | meter |
| 秒差距 | miǎochājù (miaochaju) | “parsec” |
| 天文单位 (天文單位) | tiānwéndānwèi (tianwendanwei) | “astronomical unit” |
| 英尺 | yīngchǐ (yingchi) | British foot |
| 英里 | yīnglǐ (yingli) | British mile |
Money, Currency
| Chinese | Pinyin | Main uses |
|---|---|---|
| 镑 | bàng (bang) | Pound Sterling (六英镑) |
| 分 | fēn (fen) | 0.01 yuan (九分钱) |
| 毛 | máo (mao) | 0.10 yuan (informal) |
| 角 | jiāo (jiao) | 0.10 yuan |
| 块 (塊) | kuài (kuai) | ¥ (an informal colloquial term, like “quid” or “buck”) |
| 元 (圓) | yuán (yuan) | 100 cents, ¥, main unit of currency (四元钱) either form can be used in Traditional Chinese text |
Other
| Chinese | Pinyin | Main uses |
|---|---|---|
| 度 | dù (du) | degree (angle, temperature) |
Verbal Classifiers
| Chinese | Pinyin | Main uses |
|---|---|---|
| 遍 | biàn (bian) | the number of times an action has been completed |
| 场 (場) | chǎng (chang) | a length of an event taking place within another event |
| 次 | cì (ci) | times (unlike 遍, 次 refers to the number of times regardless of whether or not it was completed) |
| 顿 (頓) | dùn (dun) | actions without repetition |
| 回 | huí (hui) | occurrences (used colloquially) |
| 声 (聲) | shēng (sheng) | cries, shouts, utterances |
| 趟 | tàng (tang) | trips, visitations |
| 下 | xià (xia) | brief and often sudden actions (hit 打两下, press 摁一下) much more common in Cantonese than in North dialects |
Informal Classifiers
In modern colloquial speech of certain Chinese dialects, 俩 (liǎ) is
sometimes used in lieu of 两个 (liǎng ge), thereby assuming the identity
of a measure word meaning “two of (such and such)”. The same holds true
for 仨 (sā), three (items of a general nature).
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