萬里長城 補充教材【課後延伸學習-孟姜女傳奇影片】

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課堂分組活 動，討論 萬里長城有多長：

同學們，你也想去爬長城嗎？先讓我們來欣賞萬里長城的壯觀美景吧！

萬里長城（The Great Wall Of China）東起渤海灣的山海關，經過北京、黃河，沿著絲路的北邊而行至甘肅省的嘉峪關，全長6,700幾公里，總共有13,400多華里（1公里＝2華里），所以叫做萬里長城，亦有人叫做中國長城。長城平均高度為7.8米，平均底部闊6.5米，而頂部為5.8米。它每隔100米便設一座長方形石台作為瞭望之用。是中國古代的浩大軍事防禦工程。

 

萬里長城的修築雖然給當時的勞動群眾帶來了沉重的災難，但並未因此而失去它重要的歷史意義。它是勞動人民用血汗和生命換來的，充分體現了中國人民的聰明才智和卓越的創造力量。它是世界上最長最古老和最雄偉的長城。據曾踏上過月球的美國宇航員說，從月球上看中國的萬里長城是地球上能用肉眼看得見的兩項特大工程之一，不愧為人類建築史上的奇跡，更是中華民族的驕傲。

 【課後延伸學習】

1. 長城的建築材料是什麼？是鋼筋水泥做基礎的嗎？［萬里長城的材質］

建造長城的材質主要為土、木、石、瓦件等，所需的材料都按「因地制宜」的原則，就地取材解決。山地，就開山取石壘牆；黃土地帶，就取土夯築；沙漠，就用蘆葦或者柳條，加以層層鋪沙修築。另外，砌牆所用的磚、瓦、石灰同埋木料等等，除了就地設窯燒制或者砍伐之外，官府還設有專門部門供應。

2.  什麼是"箭孔"？

古代城堡總有類似如此結構，以便防禦使用於觀察和射箭的動作。

 

3. 什麼是"烽火臺"?是作什麼用的？

烽火台： 長城體系設有好多烽火台作為情報傳遞系統。根據歷史文獻、出土漢簡同埋實地考察可知，烽火台的數量有好多而且一直延伸到長城以外好遠的地方。在險要地方設置烽火台，一旦發現敵情，便立刻發出警報：白天點燃摻有狼糞的柴草，使濃煙直上雲霄；夜裡則燃燒加有硫磺和硝石的乾柴，使火光通明，以傳遞緊急軍情。


按明朝的制度，舉一煙鳴一炮即表示來敵有100人左右；舉二煙鳴二炮係解來敵有500人左右；1000人以上就舉三煙鳴三炮。 


長城的工程量是十分驚人的。僅粗略地計算一下，修築長城的磚石，如果用來修建一道厚一米、高五米的長牆，這道堵牆足以環繞地球一周而有餘﹔如果用來鋪筑寬五米、厚三十五厘米的馬路，那就能環繞地球三四周。這還只是按一次修築來算的，如果包括歷代的重修和補築，那工程總量就要增加好多倍了。

你去過長城或參觀過兵馬俑嗎？請攜帶你的相片或紀念品來課堂上與同學們分享。

『我登上了長城！』Look！　請瞧瞧 my shirt!!

        

Chinese Music_ 孟姜女 by 童丽

《孟姜女》是一首江苏民歌，又名《十二月花名》、《孟姜女哭长城》等。歌曲叙述了秦始皇筑长城时一对新婚夫妻生死离别的故事。相传，坚贞的孟姜女为被逼去筑长城的丈夫范杞良千里送寒衣，历尽艰辛，在路经苏州浒墅关时被守关的官吏所刁难，无法过关。孟姜女就把自己的悲惨身世编成小曲唱给官吏听，终于感动了吏卒，放她过关，歌词哀怨深情，曲调委婉细腻，结构完整，旋法以级进为主，唱词节奏均匀，采用五声调式，具有典型的江南色彩.

以下錄音版本.它並非是唱十二月花名的《孟姜女》, 而是 唱四季的蘇州小調版《孟姜女過關》

孟姜女哭倒長城的故事［參考資料：華夏之旅 孟姜女哭長城］　

       古時候，孟老漢和姜老漢互為鄰居，僅一牆之隔。一年春天，孟老漢在自己院中種了一顆葫蘆籽，經過澆水、施肥精心培育，葫蘆秧長得肥壯、高大，從牆頭爬過去，到姜老漢的院裡結了個很大的葫蘆，有幾十斤重。等葫蘆熟後，姜老漢拿刀把它切開，突然見裡邊躺著個又白又胖、非常可愛的女娃娃，姜老漢喜出望外，奔走相告，村裡人聽說後，紛紛前來觀看這新鮮事，可是孟、姜兩老漢卻因此產生了矛盾，吵得不可開交。孟老漢非常堅定地說："這葫蘆是我親自種下的，胖女孩該歸我。"姜老漢卻固執地說："這葫蘆結在我的院子裡，這女娃該是我的。"吵了三天三夜，難解難分，毫無結果，後經村裡人調解為：女娃娃屬於兩家共同的，輪流居住，共同扶養，並取了個"孟姜女"的名字。 

光陰似箭，日月如梭，轉眼間十多年過去了，孟、姜兩家老人為現已長大成人的孟姜女選了個女婿叫範杞梁，選定良辰吉日，準備成親。天有不測風雲，成親之日，新郎、新娘正要拜堂，突然從門外闖進幾個衙役，一擁而上把新郎範杞梁當民夫抓走了。 

原來，當時由於秦始皇在全國各地抽調大批民夫修築長城，日日夜夜拚命干，民夫們被累死、餓死的不計其數，為了加快工程速度，他們又到處抓民夫補充，範杞梁也被發配去充當修長城的民夫了。 

轉眼一年過去了，範札梁杳無音信，急得孟姜女飯吃不下，覺睡不著，不知如何是好，跟兩家老人商量後，決定去找丈夫，發誓找不到丈夫絕不回家。她帶上乾糧和給丈夫特制的禦寒衣服上路了。一路上，風吹雨淋、日曬風寒、饑寒交迫、步履艱難，經過千難萬險的萬裡跋涉，終於找到了修長城的地方，一打聽纔知道，為修長城死了許多人，丈夫範杞梁早就累死了，並被埋在長城下，尸骨都找不到了。這一消息如同晴天霹靂，孟姜女頓時就傷心地慟哭起來，淚如泉，聲如雷，哭得驚天動地，天昏地暗，眼看著長城一段段的倒塌，哭到哪裡塌到哪裡，足有八百裡長。這下可急壞了工程總管，急忙去報告正來此巡查工程進展的秦始皇。秦始皇趕忙去見孟姜女尋問根由。一見之後，便被她的美貌迷住了，非要封她為"正宮娘娘"。 孟姜女雖然怒火滿腔，但還是壓住心頭仇恨，靈機一動，將計就計地非要秦始皇答應她三個條件，才能當"正宮娘娘"。一要找到丈夫範札梁的尸體；二要為其丈夫舉行國葬；三要秦始皇為範杞梁披麻戴孝、打幡送葬。秦始皇聽罷孟姜女提的三個條件，思索片刻，為了得到美貌的孟姜女，便硬著頭皮答應下來，孟姜女戴著孝拜了為築城而死的範札梁墳墓後，宿願已償，面對滾滾的渤海，縱身一躍，投海自盡了。 

孟姜女哭長城的故事，很快就被人們所傳頌，人們為紀念她，在山海關附近的一個山頭上，給她修了墳、建了廟，取名為"姜女廟"。 孟姜女萬里尋夫送寒衣，哭倒長城八百里的故事家喻戶曉，流傳至今。

［請耐心觀賞，講解敘述地真精彩。］
百家講壇－浙江大學段懷清副教授的 孟姜女（一）万里寻夫　
  

黄梅戏《孟姜女过关》[Tudou.com]

孟姜女（二）滴血认夫
 
 孟姜女（三）魂归大海
  
［參考資料來源：維基百科／　大紀元　文化網　修築萬里長城 ／
中國長城，中國中央電視台，2002年9月28日。]
This entry was posted in 未分類.

40 thoughts on “萬里長城 補充教材【課後延伸學習-孟姜女傳奇影片】”

  1. 親愛的蔡老師，
    第八週的作業，
    Q1造長城主要用土、木、石、瓦件等。
    Q2: 箭孔:是用在古代打仗時候，人們可以用『箭孔』來放武器的一個一個的洞。這些洞還可以用來觀察敵人。隨時都有人在守衛以防止北方的敵人進入中國。
    Q3: 烽火台： 用烽火（smoke）來傳遞消息，告訴另外一邊的人有敵人來了，要準備好。在美國的印第安人也會用烽火“smoke signal“來傳遞消息。白天的時候就用黑煙，使濃煙直上雲霄；夜裡則燃燒加有硫磺和硝石的乾柴，使火光通明。
    黃新月

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  2. 1) The Great Wall of China is made of wood,rock,earth,and瓦.Cement wasn’t available.
    2)箭孔or arrow hole is for archers to shoot arrows.
    3)The Beacon Tower is made for passing warnings by burning wolf’s dung.
    I learned a lot from this.

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  3. 1. 是用土, 目, 和石頭做的.買有用水泥因為還沒發明.
    2. 是一個小洞用來射箭的. 裡面的人可以射出去, 可是外面的人不能射進去.
    3.烽火臺是一個beacon.是用來警告敵人入侵的

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  4. 1.萬里長城是用土、木、石、瓦件等建成.
    2.箭孔是小洞, 以便防禦使用於觀察和射箭的動作.
    3.烽火台是作為情報傳遞系統。在險要地方設置烽火台，一旦發現敵情，便立刻發出警報：白天點燃摻有狼糞的柴草，使濃煙直上雲霄；夜裡則燃燒加有硫磺和硝石的乾柴，使火光通明，以傳遞緊急軍情。

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  5. 1.她們用土,木,石座的.

    2.是一個地方可以shoot見的

    3.烽火臺是一個beacon.她們會send fire to warn about tresspassers.

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  6. 1)The workers there used dirt, rock, and clay, but didn’t use concrete because it wasn’t available.

    2)The arrow holes are small holes in the wall that allowed soldiers to shoot arrows through it at their enemies while the enemies couldn’t shoot back.

    3)A beacon is a tower that sends a signal. They used it to alert people that there was danger. They used things that burnt easily like dung or firewood.

    I have been to the Great Wall once.

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  9. 1. The workers used clay, wood, rocks, and dirt to build the Great Wall. They did not use cement, because they used whatever they could find that was available.

    2. The workers would stand at the holes and shoot at enemies. They would use arrows, and crossbows or turrets.

    3.The towers were used to send signals to the other towers by burning sulfur or wolf manure. Then the other towers would send the message to the other ones, to let them know that the enemies were coming, and to get ready for battle.

    XD
    😀
    🙂
    🙁
    😮

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  11. I thought that Meng Jiang was a very interesting person. She was born out of a plant from two people, and so then every year, the Qin king person would make people go work at the Great Wall, and build it like slaves. So then she was to marry some guy, and on their wedding day, the police dudes came and took him to work as a slave. After that, then was going to like visit him or something like that, and then she found out that he died a few days before she got there, and she pretty much cried down the (not so great anymore since it like fell) Great Wall. Then a general scout person told the Qin king person that she cried down the (not-so-great) Great Wall. When the Qin guy saw her, he wanted to marry her and so he like forced her to marry him. So like then she made him promise three things, that he would find the dead husband’s body(eew), get like a awesome funeral, and like a monument thing for him. Also get like this tent thing for her to ride in. And on their wedding day, she like went kamikaze and suicided to join her dead husband by jumping into the water. I am very inspired by her actions…because I wouldn’t do crazy stuff like suicide.

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  13. Meng Jiang is really inspiring…
    I think her story is really sad.

    She was born between two families, and in that time period, the Emperor would take young men and force them to work at the Great Wall. To prevent from being taken, a young man sought refuge, and the Meng family found him. Meng Jiang and the young man got married, but he was taken to work at the Wall. She became filled with grief as time passed, and she set out to find him. Reaching the Great Wall, she discovered that he had died a few days after arriving… So, she mourned him, and kept crying, and a section of the wall came down! The “Project Director” reported this to the Emperor, and he went to investigate. Finding Meng Jiang, he wished to marry her, and she agreed, on three conditions. Each was about a proper funeral for her husband. So, he agreed, and did the three things. However, she then suicided by jumping in a lake/ocean..

    Wow, she was willing to go through so much. I think she’s really inspiring 🙂

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  14. Meng Jiang is really inspiring…
    I think her story is really sad.

    She was born between two families, and in that time period, the Emperor would take young men and force them to work at the Great Wall. To prevent from being taken, a young man sought refuge, and the Meng family found him. Meng Jiang and the young man got married, but he was taken to work at the Wall. She became filled with grief as time passed, and she set out to find him. Reaching the Great Wall, she discovered that he had died a few days after arriving… So, she mourned him, and kept crying, and a section of the wall came down! The “Project Director” reported this to the Emperor, and he went to investigate. Finding Meng Jiang, he wished to marry her, and she agreed, on three conditions. Each was about a proper funeral for her husband. So, he agreed, and did the three things. However, she then suicided by jumping in a lake/ocean..

    Wow, she was willing to go through so much. I think she’s really inspiring 🙂

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  15. 1. The workers there used rock, clay, and dirt instead of concrete to build the Great Wall, because they didn’t have concrete yet! 🙂 (It must’ve been hard because dirt is kind of weak!)

    2. Archers would stand at the holes and shoot at enemies. I think this is smart, because it’s harder to kill the archers if they shoot from there.

    3. The towers were like “signals”. Each tower was would alert people of invasions. They used things that were burnt easily and release smoke. Depending on the level of the invasion, there would be different amounts of smoke. (BIG INVASION!-a lot of smoke, Small Invasion- a little bit of smoke) This is also very smart! :]

    Wow, the Chinese used a lot of smart things regarding the Great Wall… I really learned a lot from this..

    The Great Wall has so much history…

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  16. Dear 孟婕琦(Regina): You are good reader no. 1.
    謝謝妳與大家分享你的-[孟姜女傳奇影片]觀後感.(5分)

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  18. Hi 黎祐瑄: 老師有注意到你試著打簡體字作答. You are 勤學 No. 8. 我很喜歡你的懷疑態度和科學精神. (5 分)

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  19. 万里长城有一个烽火台。我觉得烽火台是很特别的设计。当有敌人来的时候，他们放烟和鸣炮来警告别人。我很怀疑在月球上真的可以看到万里长城吗。

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  22. Dear 謙謙(Wilson):很高興你能看完所有的videos, you are 勤學 No. 6.(1分) You can earn more points for anwering the questions about the video during the class lesson.

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  24. Dear Cai Lao Shi,
    I looked all the videos and thought….
    AWESOME!!!!!!!!!!! THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA RULES!!!!!!!

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  25. 1.萬里長城 是 用土,木,石,瓦 來建立的.
    2.箭孔是一個洞用來對敵人射箭.
    3.烽火台是用來傳遞情報的方法.

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  26. Hi甘易修(Jasper):很高興經由this article, you learned more about Great Wall.you are 勤學 No. 4. (2分)

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  31. They did’t use concrete, but instead used rock, clay, and dirt. There were holes for people to shoot crossbow or arrows.If there was a invation, the smoke will travel to the next tower.

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  33. 1. The Chinese workers used rock, clay, and dirt instead of concrete. This is always due to the fact that concrete wasn’t developed at that time in history.

    2. People would stand behind the holes to shoot arrows or crossbows at enemies.

    3. Each tower was used to alert an incoming invasion. Grasses that burnt easily were used, and if an invasion was detected, the smoke would travel to each tower. If there was a lot of smoke, the invasion was worse than an invasion alerted by small amounts of smoke.

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  34. 1.The people used rock, clay, and dirt. Not concrete

    2.The holes were used for arrows or crossbows.

    3.The towers were signal to signal invasions. They did it by grasses which could burn easily and that traveled fast to each tower releasing smoke. The more bigger the smoke the bigger the invasion

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  35. 1. The Great Wall was made out of clay, rock, and dirt.
    2. It is used for archers to shoot arrows at enemies.
    3. It is used to alert people when the enemies are coming by smoke.

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  36. 1)its made of stone and mud. its not made of concrete and steel

    2)its used to pass messages to to others if some one is attacking

    3)used 4 shooting arrows at enemies

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  37. 1.the wall was made of sand, clay,reeds, dirt, rocks and bricks. They didnt build it with concrete.2. They used it for shooting arrows. 3.They used it to use smoke as signals.

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  38. Dear Ryan & Jonathan:Super great job!! This is 1st step of the information you need for your power point presention. I will show you the detail tomorrow during the class lesson.

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  39. 1. The wall was made of brick, stone and dirt. It isn't made of concrete or steel.2. 箭孔 is a hole in the wall that allows archers to shoot at the enemy.3.it's used to alert the soldiers all throughout the wall in the night. They burn stuff to signal each other.

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  40. 1. They used clay and rocks to build the great wall. No it is not made out of concrete and steel2. it is made for bowmen or people who shoot arrows at people. It is where you shoot the arrows out of.3. it is a signal tower and it releases smoke and the other towers will know that an invasion is about to happen and they should start preparing for battle

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