美洲華語第四冊第七課 神農氏的故事

神異傳奇人物神農氏

炎帝神農氏,他的經歷被人披上許多神異色彩。炎帝神農氏姓姜,他的母親叫女登,是有媧氏的女兒,少典的妃子。因感應神龍之氣而生下炎帝。炎帝的長相是人身牛頭,生長在姜水,所以用姜當作姓。出生後,三天就會說話,五個月就能爬行,七個月就長牙齒,三歲就知農業之事,神農氏又被稱為炎帝,因為人類文明初期通常是「火耕」,放火燒林,燒出一片平地,燒完的灰成為了天然的肥料,所以神農氏又有了炎帝、烈山氏等名號。

神農氏起初定都於陳,後來遷於曲阜,傳說中,神農氏因為「嘗百草」,不慎吃到斷腸草,最後中毒而死。在位一百二十年去世,埋葬在長沙 

 

神農氏有三大貢獻:

農神
第一就是用木材發明了「耒」(音磊:犁柄)和「耜」(音四:犁頭)這兩種耕具,用來翻土,讓播種變得容易。他砍削木頭做成犁頭,彎曲木頭製成了犁柄,這種農具給耕田除草帶來便利,他就用它來教導天下民眾,所以號稱神農氏。神農氏開始蜡祭,用紅褐色的鞭子鞭打百草,並品嘗知其平毒寒溫之性味,才有醫藥。又製作了五條弦的瑟。在中午時分設置市集,使他們相互交換貨物,然後離開,以各自獲得所需要的物品。並且將黍、稷、麻、麥、豆定名為「五穀」,作為民眾日常生活生產的主食。也就是說這時候的人類在神農氏的引導下,從「漁牧狩獵」的年代,進入了「農業時代」。
商神
有了五穀,就必須要研發盛具、炊具等,鍋、碗、盆之類的就是這時候發明出來的。這個時候還沒有精緻的瓷器,而是用火燒土,這些燒硬的黏土,就被稱為「陶器」。他又倡行「日中為市」,鼓勵大家互通有無,首辟市場,倡貿易,以提高生活質量,開了經商的先河。還製作了五弦琴來演奏,陶冶了人民的文化生活。  

藥神

炎帝神農氏的另一貢獻,是他「始嘗百草,始有醫藥」。他踏遍三山五嶽,採集天下異草,用赭鞭逐一抽打,藥草經過鞭撻,無論有毒無毒,或寒或熱,各種性質都會呈露出來。為了進一步辨識藥物的性味和功能,炎帝又親嘗百草,以身試藥,甚至曾經「一日而遇七十毒」。幸虧他的身體據說是玲瓏透明的,從外面就可看清五臟六腑,所以能夠知曉中毒部位,馬上找到解救的方法。他就依據藥草的不同特性,給人療疾,開創了中藥學,用藥草救活了無數人。為紀念他,我國最早一部藥物學即命名為《神農本草經》。後世幾千年來中藥的發展,事實上,都是建立在《神農本草》的基礎上。因此,神農氏還被尊為中國的醫藥之祖,民間稱之為「藥王菩薩」。

【以上資料參考數據】中华五千年-历史广角-史前-遍尝百草神农氏

三皇本紀補史記(唐,國子博士,弘文館學士,司馬貞,補撰並注)

延伸思考 神農氏在農耕、醫藥、製造陶器、紡織、……等各方面貢獻極大,想想如果你是在遠古時代,你會先教導人民哪一項技能?為甚麼?

美洲華語第四冊第七課故

神農大帝的傳說 神農大帝的生日(農曆四月二十五日)
神農氏性情溫和,不喜歡殺生,但是最初人類不懂得吃五榖,只知獵殺動物求溫飽,所以神農氏便立志教人民開墾土地,種植榖物,讓人民嚐到五榖的美味,避免殺生。日後人民為了感念他的恩德,便尊稱他為「神農」,也就是「神明于農業」的意思。  
台灣民間對神農大帝非常崇敬,以神農大帝為主神的寺廟就有一百多座,信徒也非常多。而神農大帝也被稱為「五谷大帝」,現在各廟宇所供奉的神農大帝的神像表情木訥篤實,親切溫和,手上拿著一串串金黃色的成熟稻穗,顯示出他時時刻刻以民生為念的敬業精神。而神農大帝的塑像還會有白、黑、紅三種不同的「臉色」,據說和他因為嚐百草,導致臉色變化有關。總之,他對人民的功勞多的數不清,呈現出不同面貌,也表現出他多重的身份及豐厚的功德。由於,他也被尊稱為炎帝,是我們的祖先,所以我們常自稱為「炎黃子孫」也就是這個原因。

神農氏的故事 0001

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvVFGqHrAZ0

幼兒歷史故事 炎帝神農

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=larSvT_aRdk

神農-維基百科,自由的百科全書 (.org) https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/神农

 

《中华历史五千年》第5节 神农尝百草【学国学网】
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RBipdYLk2M4

19 thoughts on “美洲華語第四冊第七課 神農氏的故事

  1. 1. I would teach them how to freeze food plant food and writing
    2.watched the video of the class’s book
    3. video about shennong both
    4.tongue twister about40%
    5.old chinese characters video watched it

  2. Hi 祥祥: Please show what did you do (effort) on your online homework. So, you will get the extra participate points properly. (+1)

  3. Dear 赵文泽 : You are Week5 #5. (+4)- Thank you for sharing your learning experience and self evaluation.

  4. 1.I watched the videos
    2.I understand about 73% what there saying and 100% in English
    3.I watched the video and thought that Chinese characters came from pictures and is very old and change in the generations

  5. 1. If I were in the ancient times, I would aspire to teach the people the same things Shennong taught them and additionally try to teach them math and writing so they may become technologically advanced in the future.

    2. This is the same video we studied last year. It talks about how Shennong watched the birds eat seeds and discovered agriculture and also tasted medicines so people would no longer have to be hungry and sick.

    3. The second story is a different version of the first, basically the same though.

    4. Shennong tasting things and creating his book of medicinal herbs. Of course one day he accidentally poisoned himself but he has contributed much to chinese traditional medicine.

    5.Since I read the captions I understood it. But if there were no captions I would have been very confused.

    6. Ri looks like sun
    Shan like mountains
    Niao like birth
    Lin like forest
    Shui like water
    Yu like fish
    Ma like horse
    Huo like fire
    Ren like people…

    I think they do a good job of trying to portray how chinese characters came to be. I’m not sure if everyone would understand but it certainly tries to impress upon the viewer the meaning behind keeping the traditional chinese characters.

  6. 1. I watched the chinese tounge twister and the cow video I also watch the guy curing hunger
    2.I practice my chinese words 3 times

  7. Hello Laoshi.
    1.If I were in the olden times, I would teach the people how to raise livestock, grow plants, gather herbs to make medicine, and sew clothes.Because,the ancient people need to improve their lifestyle.
    2.I watched all the videos.
    3.I understood 5% of the toungue-twister.I only undestood certain words and phrases, beause it’s difficult to understand.

  8. Dear Korrie: You are Perfect, you answered all the questions I asked for. Great job!! Your are Week5 #1.(+5)

  9. 1. If I were in the ancient times, I would teach people to learn how to plant food, hunt, make clothes, and make medicine, just like 神農氏 because those are the basic things you should know that will help you survive.

    2. I watched all of the videos.

    3. I don’t really understand that much of the tongue twister video because they are talking too fast, so I would say around 45%.

    4. All of the Chinese words we use today evolved from pictures. They look somewhat like the actual object/person/action.

  10. Dear 潘大衛 : We did watched the videos together during today class lesson. So,Please provide more effor on your work to get your credit. 加油!(+1)

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